Introduction to motherboard

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Motherboard:
A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.The motherboard is a printed circuit board It allocates power and allows communication to the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware components. The motherboard also called as mainboard or  system board. The name indicates the importance of this Printed Circuit board in a computing 

device. Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface cards( sound cards, video cards, network cards), hard drives, or other forms of interfacing or storage components.

A motherboard also provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate.A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main memory, and other essential components connected to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices may be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables; in modern microcomputers it is increasingly common to integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself. In modern PCs all the Sound, Video cards are integrated in motherboard so it is refered as on-board. (Eg: Onboard Audio,On board Graphics etc).

An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines the features and capabilities of the motherboard.

Modern motherboards include:

  Sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed. In the case of CPUs in ball grid array packages the CPU is directly soldered to the motherboard.

Slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips)

 A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses

 Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS.

  A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components.

Slots for expansion cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)

 Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. As of 2007, some graphics cards (e.g. GeForce 8 and Radeon R600) require more power than the motherboard can provide, and thus dedicated connectors have been introduced to attach them directly to the power supply.

 Connectors for hard drives, typically SATA only. Disk drives also connect to the power supply.


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